Landslide susceptibility mapping in central Zab basin in GISs-based models, Northwest of Iran

There are several practical methods in landslide susceptibility of which the logistic regression is used as the statistical model in central Zab basin in the southwest mountainsides of West-Azerbaijan province in Iran to predict landslide susceptibility with two independent and dependant variables. This part of Zab basin is landslide-prone given its geological structure and geomorphology. We studied and defined the factors (slope, aspect, elevation, distance to road, distance to drainage network, and distance to fault, land use, precipitation, and geological factors) that affect occurrence of the landslides. To get more precision, speed and facility in our analysis, all descriptive and spatial information was entered into GIS system. The applied statistical approach is appropriate to landslide prediction. It employs the landslide events as dependant variable and data layers as independent variable, and makes use of the correlation between these two factors in landslide susceptibility. Given the employed model and the variables, signification tests were implemented on each independent variable, and the degree of fitness of susceptibility mapping was estimated; finally the map was classified into five categories: very low, low, moderate, high and very high risk. The categories cover an area of 95.46km2, 100.46km2, 46.1km2, 158.38km2 and 120.96km2, respectively

Landslide susceptibility mapping using image satellite and GIS technology

Landslides are among the great destructive factors which cause lots of fatalities and financial losses all over the world every year. The aim of the research was landslide susceptibility mapping by remote sensing data processing and GIS spatial analysis. The area study in research is central Zab basin in west Azerbaijan province, Iran. In this research, through geological maps and field studies,we primarily prepared a map for landslide distributions in Zab basin. Then, applying other information sources such as the existing thematic maps, we studied and defined the 8 factors such as, lithology, slope, slope aspect, annual rainfall, land use, distance to waterway, distance to the fault, and distance to road. That affect occurrence of the landslides. To get more precision,speed and facility in our analysis all descriptive and spatial information was entered into GIS system. After preparation of the needed information layers by influential parameters on landslides, we drew the zoning maps of landslide hazard via information coming from satellite image classification (Quickbird, Ikonos), and then evaluated and compared them. According to the obtained index, and the comparison of landslide distribution map and zoning map of landslide hazard prepared by each of the methods in GIS environment. This model gives also indications about the relevant factors influencing slope instability

Application of GIS and remote sensing techniques in assessment of natural hazards in the Central Zab Basin, Northwest of Iran

This research was based on a complete understanding of the central Zab basin (particularly in the neighboring Sardasht county in west Azerbaijan in northwest of Iran) and identify bottlenecks and instability, natural environmental hazards are identified and appropriate strategies should be presented in order to confront and control them. This study demonstrates the synergistic use of medium resolution of SPOT-5 Satellite, for prepare of landslide-inventory map and Landsat ETM+ satellite for prepare of Land use map. After making of TIN and DEM data from the limit of study area from topography maps, aerial photos and satellite images, and have been used GIS techniques and analysis of relevant factors. Methods In this study, based on field studies, library, quantitative and morphometric study was to prepare maps and GIS techniques and analysis of relevant factors have been used. The results indicate a dominance of geomorphologic natural hazards and human hazards. As a result, using the logical and scientific approaches can greatly reduce the morphodynamics factors and make balance between Morphogenesis and pedogenic phenomena and can be achieved stable environment with crisis management

Evaluation the methods of Educating Organizational Strategic Capability in Kerman Executive Organizations

Modernity and recent innovations and advances in information technology, human resources, marketing, and innovation have played a key role in accelerating the emergence of organizational strategic capabilities .  Teaching the ways of It has become an essential issue for organizational success. Considering the importance of the subject, the objective of this article is to evaluate the available methods of teaching the organizational strategic capability in Kerman executive organizations. The present study is an applied research in terms of objective and descriptive in terms of nature and survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of two groups. The first group consisted of experts including management professors who had knowledge on this subject and their number was unknown, and 30 of them were selected purposefully. The second group consisted of all employees of Kerman executive organizations. The sample size of employees was estimated to be 380 people based on Morgan table. They were selected by stratified random sampling. The researcher-made questionnaire consisted of 39 questions scored on Likert scale ranging from very low to very high. The content validity of the questions was examined, modified and verified by experts’ opinions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the variables was higher than 0.7, indicating the internal consistency of the items and confirming the reliability of the questions. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, univariate t-test, and Friedman test through SPSS software. According to the results, the status of organizational strategic capabilities was high in Kerman executive organizations. Also, IT and organizational structure had the highest priority among the dimensions of organizational strategic capabilities

Application of artificial neural network in prediction of municipal solid waste generation (case study: Saqqez City in Kurdistan province)

Over the years, the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been improved to some extent through installation of various schemes, development of new treatment technologies and implementation of economic instruments. Despite such progress, solid waste problems still impose an increasing pressure on cities and remain one of the major challenges in urban environmental management. Although approximating of waste generation in its management is important, the prediction of its production is a difficult job due to the effect of various factors on it. Artificial intelligence is an exciting and relatively new application of computers. It provides new opportunities for harnessing the scarce and often scattered pieces of valuable knowledge and experience in solid waste management which at present is in the possession of the privileged few. While conventional algorithmic programming replaced much of the sophisticated and repetitive analytical work of the solid waste practitioner, artificial intelligence is poised to take over the no-less important tasks of the ill-structured and lessdeterministic parts of the planning, design and management processes. In this research with application of feed forward artificial neural network, we proposed an appropriate model to predict weight of waste generation in Saqqez city of Iran. For this purpose, we used time series of generated waste of Saqqez which have been arranged weekly, from 2004 to 2007. After performing of the mentioned model, determination coefficient (R ) and mean absolute relative error (MARE) in neural network for test have been achieved to be 2 equal to 0.648 and 2.17% respectively

Application of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer snow cover maps in modeling snowmelt runoff process in the central Zab basin, Iran

Snow, as one form of precipitation, plays a very significant role in the water cycle and in water resource management. However, the spatial and temporal variations in snow cover complicate the monitoring of this role. Field measurements, especially in mountainous areas, are often impossible without the use of new technologies. In this study, moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) at 500-m resolution has been used to provide a map of snow cover area (SCA) using the normalized difference snow index in the central Zab basin in West Azerbaijan, Iran. Eight-day composite data are used to minimize the effect of cloud cover and maximize the amount of useable SCA images. The importance of snow in this basin was simulated using a snowmelt runoff model (SRM) as one of the major applications of daily MODIS-8 images based on various algorithms. The location of snow gauge stations on digital elevation model (DEM) of central Zab basin extracted from advanced space borne thermal emission and reflection radiometer images by using bilinear interpolation method. The SCA index, along with spectral threshold on bands 2 and 4, provided a stable relationship for extraction of the snow cover map in the study area. The simulated flow in the water year 2010 to 2011 had a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.8953 and a volume difference (Dv) of 0.1498%, which shows a good correlation between the measured and computed runoff by using the SRM in the central Zab basin. The first results of the modeling process show that MODIS snow covered area product can be used for simulation and measuring value of snowmelt runoff in central Zab basin. The studies found that the SCA results were more reliable in the study area